Internet Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internet Security - Essay Example For this reason, there are those small business entrepreneurs that resort to online help provisions. IT has been considered that online help provisions are much practical, more informative and more up building for those who are still starting as novice online business operators. Within the discussion that follows, presenting the different readings that might be able to support the need to understand what network security is and how free online training could help in proceeding with its application shall be better presented herein. The world of online business networking is indeed a very much inviting new arena for business owners who have both large and small scale entities which are designed to particularly generate profit for better income returns. This is especially true for small scale businesses. This is the reason why there are many individual network business establishers who are best able to consider the different possibilities of earning through online connections. How is this particularly done Through the systems of online networking, business owners are able to maintain proper contact with their clients, their possible outsourced workers and their partners from the different parts of the world. Do not be misled, yes, the business scales considered herein are those that of the small ones. Small as they are though, functioning through the internet involves several considerations upon the capability of each element of the business to perform well for its success is essential. The book of Rick Segel (2006) on The essential online solution: the five step formula for small business success mentions of the five most important considerations that online business owners should give particular attention to. According to Segel, these five steps enable even small scale business operators to gain the best out of the online networking systems that are expected to further fuel small time profit organizations towards the success that they all deserve to have (43). This is further supported by Edward Firegold (2001) as he writes about the Internet Infrastructure: a blueprint for success, the ultimate guide to understanding and delivering open source system online. Through this analysis, Firegold tries to point out the importance of using a well enabled system that would be able to support the functions of modern networking operations when it comes to business deals and transactions made and verified online. He further notes that there are certain transactions over the internet that might cause a small scale business to fail in the process of getting its clients' loyalty and trust (65). To avoid this particular matter from happening, the utilization of a user-friendly online operating system is essential (112). Surely, through adapting to a well-adjustable online operating system, even small scale business operators would be able to manage their online resources effectively. Meanwhile, Susan Payton (2009) discussed safety on online marketing procedures as she writes about the Internet marketing for entrepreneurs: using web 2.0 strategies for success [the small business management collection]. In this writing, Payton intends to show small scale busin

Advantages and Disadvantages of GMO Cotton Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of GMO Cotton - Essay Example The countries that we know for producing GM cotton are the USA and India although the product also has production in China, Argentina, Australia, Mexico, South Africa, among others. The major advantage of genetically modified cotton is that the plant is resistant to insect pests. More than 68% of the genetically modified cotton in China produces a substance that helps it to become resistant to insect pests. It is known as "Bacillus thurengiensis" toxin. There are a few problematic pests such as caterpillars that bore the cotton itself thus hard to fight. The European Union is yet to approve submissions made for the growth and use of modified cotton. There are problems that farmers in India are experiencing as the Bt toxin failed to work. The Bt cotton yields declined significantly as secondary pests invaded the cotton. The trouble led to the use of more pesticides on the plant plus the price for the cotton seeds went up by a large number.   Scientists suggest that the Bt cotton pro duces a number of beneficial insects which help the small-scale farmers in the production of cotton. China was the leading country in the study of the benefits of having genetically modified cotton. The toxin that is used is lethal to the bollworm that is usually a major problem for the cotton growers. There is a significant decline in the use of insecticides because of the reduction in the bollworm pest. The reduction in the number of pests means that the cotton produced in good health increases.

A Biographical Analysis Of President Bill Clinton Politics Essay

A Biographical Analysis Of President Bill Clinton Politics Essay For this assignment we chose as a subject: A President and his reign. We chose President Bill Clinton. We chose this subject, because we both once heard about Bill Clinton in the news and we also have read about him, but we didnt know a lot about him. So we were interested in the life of Bill Clinton and why he became president and what he has done for the United States of America. Our main question is: What has Bill Clinton done for the United States to keep the American Dream alive, when he was the president. We try to make a conclusion by the help of some sub-questions. Questions like: What were the most important decisions of Bill Clinton? And what were the initiatives of Bill Clinton. Early life Bill Clinton was born at the Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, in the state of Arkansas. Bill Clintons full name is William Jefferson Blythe III. His Father was William Jefferson Blythe Jr..His father died in a automobile accident three months before the birth of Bill. His mother, Virginia Dell Cassidy, traveled to New Orleans in order to study nursing. She left Bill behind by his grandparents, Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, in Hope. The grandparents of bill had their own grocery store. Shortly after her return in 1950, the mother of Bill married Roger Clinton. Roger owned together with his brother an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, also in the state of Arkansas. So the family moved to Hot Springs. In Hot Springs, Bill went to St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School and the Hot Springs High School. There were two influential moments in Bills life that were important for him to become a public figure. The first one was his visit to the White House where he met President John F. Kennedy. The other moment was that he had listened to the I Have a Dream speech of Martin Luther King. Both moments took place in 1963. College years Bill Clinton received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service degree at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. in 1968. Also he won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College Oxford. In Oxford Bill studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics. He didnt received a degree there, because of switching programs and leaving early for Yale University. At Yale Law School, Bill obtained a Juris Doctor degree in 1973. At Yale he also met Hillary Rodham and they began dating. Bill and Hillary Married on October 11, 1975. And on February 27, 1980 Chelsea, their only child, was born. Bill took a job with the 1972 McGovern campaign and was chosen to lead McGoverns effort in Texas. He worked at the McGovern campaigns local headquarters in Dallas. In Dallas he worked with Ron Kirk (elected twice as the mayor of Dallas), Ann Richards (future governor of Texas) and Steven Spielberg (then an unknown television director and future filmmaker). Early carrier After his graduation from Yale Law School, Bill became a law professor at the University of Arkansas. After this he ran for the House of Representatives. He was beaten by John Paul Hammerschmidt. In 1976, Bill was elected Arkansas Attorney General. After this, Clinton was elected as the 40th Governor of Arkansas in 1978. He defeated the Republican candidate Lynn Lowe. In 1980 Clinton lost the elections from Frank D. White. The next two years Clinton worked on a comeback. He succeeded to become the 42th Governor of Arkansas. He had this position for six periods. In 1992, Clinton made himself selectable for the elections of 1992. The old President George H.W. Bush was seen as unbeatable, because of the victory of the Gulf War. That is also the reason why all kinds of Democrats didnt take part in the elections. During the pre-election, Clinton was up against the other Democrats Jerry Brown and Paul Tsongas. Clinton won the pre-election with the most of the votes. With this he won the nomination of the Democratic Party. He chose Senator Al Gore of Tennessee as his Running mate. Thanks to the bad economy, a tax raise and his charisma, Clinton won together with Al Gore the elections of 1992. The election of Clinton ended twelve years of Republican rule and twenty of the previous twenty-four years. Democrats were given full control of the United States Congress. After the Jimmy Carter presidency in the late 1970s, this was the first time this had taken place. Presidency First term 1993 1997 After Franklin D. Roosevelt, Clinton was the first democrat who was president for two full presidencies. Bill Clinton was inaugurated as the 42th President of the United States on January 20, 1993. He announced his intention to raise taxes to cap the budget deficit. Clinton unveiled his economic plan on February 17, 1993. His plan focused on deficit reduction rather than a middle-class tax cut. When Clinton took office as president of the United States, he signed the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. An act that made large companies to allow employees to take unpaid leave in case of a serious medical problem, pregnancy or when there were problems in the family. This was his first campaign promise he had fulfill. Another campaign promise of his was allowing openly homosexuals to serve in the army. Clinton had criticism from both left an from right. Left because the though Clinton was too tentative in promoting gay rights and right who dont allow homosexuals to serve the army. After a long discussing between Bill Clinton and the Pentagon, they decided to the Dont ask, dont tell policy. So long as homosexuals dont tell that they have feelings for the same gender, they may serve the army. Some advocates for gay rights criticized Clinton that he only made this campaign promise to get more votes, because the thought that he didnt went far enough. Clinton singed also in the law the Brady Bill, on November 30, 1993. This applies a five-day waiting period on the purchases of a handgun. Clinton expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit. This is a subsidy for workers with a low-income. Also during the 90s the Clinton administration pushed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (a public government sponsored enterprise) to support more lending in low-income communities. They also used the Community Reinvestment Act to push banks to do the same. In August 1993, Bill Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993. This act cuts the taxes for fifteen million families with a low-income, it mad tax cuts available to 90% of small companies and raised the taxes on the wealthiest of the taxpayers. The administration of Clinton launched the first official website of the White House, on October 21, 1994. The website was follow by three other version which result in the final edition, that was launched in 2000. The website was part of a wider movement toward communication were web-based. It opened the American government to more of the American people than ever before. Bill Clinton supported the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) by the Senate. He strongly supported free trade measures and most of his Democratic Leadership Committee allies, however there were a lot of disagreements in the party itself. The treat was confirmed by the Senate and was signed into the law on January 1, 1994. Between 1992 and 1994 the Democrats had a big influence. But during the mid-term elections of 1994, they lost the majority in the White House and the Senate. This was the first time in 40 years. The important reason for this was the failed attempt from Hillary Clinton to create an universal coverage using a national health care reform plan. This was the first major defeat of Clintons administration. To reduce illegal immigration, Clinton signed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act. The U.S Commission on Immigration Reform wants to reduce legal immigration to about 550.000 a year. In 1997 Senators Ted Kennedy and Orrin Hatch teamed up with Hillary Clinton and her staff to form the Childrens Health Insurance Program and they succeeded. Hillary also caused that the Adoption and Safe Families Act went through the Congress and two years later she succeeded in passing the Foster Care Independence Act. The President supported both. Second term 1997-2001

The Buddhas Four Noble Truths: A Logical Basis For Philosophy Essay

The Buddha's Four Noble Truths: A Logical Basis for Philosophy The Buddha Shakyamuni was born in the 6th century BCE in the area presently known as Nepal. During his 80 year lifetime, he systematically developed a pragmatic, empirically based philosophy which he claimed would lead its followers towards an enlightened existence. Buddhism is commonly called a religion; however, it differs from the usual definition of a religion in that it has no deities, does not promote worship of demigods, and is based on logical reasoning and observation rather than spiritual faith. At the heart of Buddhist philosophy is the Buddha's enumeration of Four Noble Truths: Dukkha (suffering), Samudaya (origin of suffering), Nirodha (cessation of suffering), and Magga (path to cessation of suffering). The Buddha's Four Noble Truths are based on archetypal traits that were elucidated through careful empirical observance and intensive introspection. These Four Noble Truths form a logically coherent set of axioms upon which the whole of Buddhism is based, and provide a solid foundation for a philosophy which is applicable several millennia after its formulation.{1} "What we call a 'being,' or an 'individual,' or 'I,' according to Buddhist philosophy, is only a combination of ever-changing physical and mental forces or energies...." - Walpola Rahula{2} In order to fully understand the Four Noble Truths, it is necessary to investigate the Buddhist view of the individual and its makeup. In some respects, the manner in which Buddhism deals with the mind/body problem is much more advanced than most religious views, and closer to science's understanding of the mind and body. Rather than postulating the existence of an eternal soul with no physical manifestation, the Buddha taught that the person is really a collection of five skandhas or aggregates. These include rupa (matter), vedana (sensations), sanna (perceptions), samkhara (mental formations), and vijnana (consciousness). The aggregate of matter encompasses all tangible aspects of the world. The aggregate of sensations is akin to the process of sensory input; e.g., the activation of retinal cells in the eye. Vedana does not include the process of perception, however; the act of perceiving the senses, i.e., recognition of external sensations, is within the realm... ...nbsp; The idea of the cycle of death and rebirth, a central tenet to both Buddhist philosophy and the Hindu religion, will not be brought into this discussion of the Four Noble Truths. While reincarnation was very important to Buddha's formulation of his beliefs, it is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for the Four Noble Truths to hold true. When examined from a purely logical and empirical basis, the Four Noble Truths are still valid without the introduction of reincarnation. {2} Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught. Page 25. {3} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19. {4} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19. {5} Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught. Page 29. {6} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19. {7} B. Alan Wallace. Tibetan Buddhism From the Ground Up. Pages 40-41. {8} Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught. Page 36. {9} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19.

The Definition of E-commerce

E-commerce is the buying and selling of products and services by both businesses and consumers over the Internet. Such practices have exploded over the last year as security has improved with more and more consumers now buying goods and services online. This coupled with the computer revolution of the late twentieth century has lead to e-commerce now becoming the buzzword of trade and industry as hundreds of companies are now moving online in an attempt to broaden their product range and direct contact with customers. Firstly we must understand why companies are being drawn towards selling their products online. An e-commerce site that is implemented well can significantly lower both order taking costs up front and also customer service after the sale has been made. For example being located on the Internet means that place does not enter into the marketing mix of an e-commerce company. As its customers will not visit the business, it means having a prominent high street location is no longer of importance; in fact a business can be set up in someone†s home (if space for storage allows!). Also when considering mail order companies there is no longer the need to endure the costs of designing, printing and sending out catalogues. These factors contribute to e-commerce companies being able to offer products at greatly reduced prices as overheads have been minimised. A company now has the ability to provide customers with a catalogue that has a far more extensive range than that of which any mail-order catalogue could provide. Recently Amazon have advertised that they currently offer more than 3 million books, to further their service they also give the customer the opportunity to read a description of every book supplied and also other titles buyers of the book have purchased. It is inconceivable to imagine all this information being provided in any catalogue that comes through the letterbox. So we now can see some of the benefits that firms encounter from locating on the web but what do the consumers get out of this? It is now far easier to collect market research and make reasonable comparisons as by using the Internet you have the ability to amass, analyse and control large quantities of specialised data. The Internet can give the opportunity for customers to try before they buy. For example the online record store Klik-Klik-Whirly-Bleep-Bleep gives the online shopper the opportunity to listen to any record before they buy it, an essential factor to regular purchasers of records and especially dj†s. There is also the potential of wider availability of hard-to-find products and wider selection of items due to the width and efficiency of the Internet. One such example being â€Å"Squaddies Online†, this company has developed its success by selling goods that are normal in everyday life in the United Kingdom but are sorely missed by those that are overseas for any great length of time. For instance amongst the current best selling items are Heinz Tomato Ketchup and HP Brown Sauce! The increase in the ability to undertake market research has inevitably led to the reductions in prices as more suppliers are able to compete in an electronically open market place. This increase in competition has lead to better quality and variety of goods through expanded markets and the ability to produce customised goods. When the motorbike company Dukati recently launched their online site they sold their stock within 31 minutes of opening with a popular feature being giving the customer the opportunity of designing the exact colour scheme of the bike. So far the benefits of e-commerce are outlined and you would be forgiven for immediately wanting to dream up your own way of becoming rich through the internet. But it is by no means plain sailing. Seven out of ten internet businesses located within the United Kingdom fail to trial their service before it is launched. Even then almost all are likely to have experienced problems and over a fifth are now experiencing significant customer service disruption as a result of sudden surges in demand or server overload. Hundreds of web sites and not just e-commerce services have been launched in the United Kingdom during 1999. The Pricewaterhouse Cooper group informs us on there website that this figure is set to explode to  £60 billion within the next three years. However market shares are going to be effected in ways previously unseen before through the failures of sites and service providers. Failure in e-commerce is not always going to be caused by poor products but rather by not building sites that are as efficient and usable as its competitors. For an e-commerce business to be successful it is essential that the sites are given thorough pilot tests so that faults can be found and also customer behaviour patterns can be learnt. It is possible that such a venture can take off as an amazing success however there is also the danger of overselling. This can cause potentially lethal consequences as if the server used is not big enough to cope with the demand then the site is likely to crash or be severly disrupted through overload. Indeed any e-commerce system should have some sort of early warning device to notify the programmers that there are problems as soon as possible. So far the e-commerce has only been covered in terms of the internet through use of the home computer. Digital television uses television to access a range of interactive services including e-mail and the internet. Once companies build websites to generate businesses they start to recognise the role the Internet could play in the communications process. However there are still worries that the Internet is still not receieving enough coverage in terms of those with access. However didgital television has the potential to cause a far greater impact. Digital television provides access to a larger target audience as its popularity is currently growing at an exponential rate. The large range of channels also means that communications can be tailored to suit the person viewing more effectively especially with the wide range of visual and audio devices at the sellers disposal. Security is not seen as the same potential mishap as on the internet as there aren†t fears hackers being able to break into sites and accessing personal information. By accessing the Open interactive service on digital television you are able to visit stores such as Next, Woolworths, WH Smiths and Dominos Pizza. All of which are firms that are highly reputable which will also give the customer confidence when using. However it is not such an easy options for companies as there is currently a high cost of entry when wishing to move into such ventures. Indeed currently companies are having to rely on the consumer having access to this technology E-commerce is growing at an explosive rate on the Internet. Before the end of this decade, millions of people will be buying, selling, bidding and advertising on a daily basis as the internet merges with other branches of the information highway. The new economies of scale that are evident for such companies drastically lower the cost of establishing and maintaining a successful company. It is vital that any business wanting to start up in e-commerce should continually examine the risks and opportunities created by such a venture. It is essential that designers make use of the technologies that are available. In the long-term the risks of lagging now are likely to exceed those of continuing with less then maximum adoption strategies. Currently the Internet does have its limitations that may not make it suitable for all ventures. However with the rate that technology is expanding the Internet will soon become â€Å"industrial strength† whereby it will be possible to comply with all requirements and safety regulations. This will also include what services can be accessed and by who. The emergence of Digital Television has also increased the significance of e-commerce as now even more people are able to purchase goods within a matter of seconds even if it is in a slightly different way. By encouraging e-commerce all sides will gain through lower prices and better quality. It is only a matter of time before e-commerce becomes an obvious part of our lives.

The Perceptions of American Women about “New Beauty Therapy Services for Kids”

The issue of beauty therapy among American women and sometimes men has been around for a long period that no one can really determine, however, the society has undergone great civilization/modernization and recently beauty salons for young kids have started emerging. These salons offer all sort of beauty therapy services ranging from manicure, pedicure, facials and many other beauty therapy services to young girls, due to the fact that the idea has not been in the market for along time the few salons that offer beauty therapy services to young girls charge a lot of money. Nevertheless, this new trend has received both positive and negative sentiments from the American public. I recently carried out a study to investigate the perceptions of the people towards this new idea. I developed a short questionnaire consisting of five questions and distributed them to ten literate and grown up women with young daughters between the ages of three and eight, within my neighborhood, Brooklyn. The questionnaire comprised of questions that were sensitive to various respondents’ perceptions as they allowed for the choosing of more precise answers. [Russ-Eft, D. F. 1980)] For instance, the second question required them to state whether they supported the idea of kids’ beauty therapy services or not, with answer options ranging from, â€Å"I strongly support, I support, I somewhat support, I strongly oppose, I oppose, I somewhat oppose. † The other three questions were depended on the answer to the first question and the second questions. The quest ions were dispatched through a reliable delivery method (hand delivery) and enough time provided for the answering of the questions, the respondents were also advised not to seek assistance from other people. As expected the survey yielded varying responses, with 80% of the respondents indicating that they are aware that kids beauty therapy services have been introduced in the market, while the rest indicated that they are not aware of the new service. Those who were not aware of the new kids’ beauty therapy services were discontinued from the interview as the answers to the rest of the questions depended on the knowledge of the new kids’ beauty therapy service. Interestingly only a paltry 20% of the survey sample who knew about the new kids beauty therapy services indicated that they â€Å"strongly supported† the new service and a further 20% indicated that they â€Å"somehow supported the new service. † 40% indicated that they â€Å"strongly opposed the new service† and the remaining 20% showed that they â€Å"opposed the new service to kids. † Since the answering of the other three questions of the study was dependent on the answer to question number two only 40% of the respondents went on to answer the remaining questions. This is so because the other three questions were meant to elicit the answers as to what needed to be done and what should not be done about the new beauty therapy service to the kids. It was therefore irrelevant for respondents who did not support the idea to continue answering the other questions as they were bound to give out unreliable answers since in the first place they did not have any interests on the new service. [Wentland, E, J. & Smith, K. W. (1993)] Out of the 40% of the survey sample that proceeded with the rest of questions (by virtue of their support to the new kids’ beauty therapy service) 20% indicated they have once or twice taken their young daughters to the kids beauty therapy salons while the remaining 20% showed they have never done so but they were planning to do so in future. Interestingly 30% agreed that indeed the services are good for their young daughters but they are being overcharged and therefore the charges need to be adjusted. The remaining 10% indicated that the charges were reasonable compared to the good beatification services done to the young kids. On the question of whether some services currently in the kids’ beauty therapy package should be scrapped, they all (100%) agreed that some services needs to be removed from the package as they just did not make sense to young kids. [Wentland, E, J. & Smith, K. W. (1993)] The overall response of the five questions was very reliable as it systematically and precisely gave out information on the perceptions of the respondents. From the results this is visible from the answers to question one through question five. The questions were also arranged in a logical manner to avoid clue giving, those who gave â€Å"NO† as their answer to question one were discontinued from the interview as the study was dependent on the knowledge of the issue being investigated i. e. new beauty therapy services for kids. Further, those who had their answer as â€Å"I strongly oppose/ I oppose/I somewhat oppose† for question two were similarly discontinued from the interview. The remaining questions of the survey were about what needed to be done or not about the new service and therefore it was in order to discontinue those who did not know about the service or support it. The main reason behind this was to avoid false and unreliable answers as those did not support the service did not have any business to comment as to what needs to be done or not about the new service. [Russ-Eft, D. F. (1980)] The simple survey comprising of five-question questionnaire gave out very precise information that could have otherwise not been possible if heavily worded questions were used. This helped the respondents to perceive the questions as not bothersome or requiring much of their time and energy and therefore they gave out correct answers according to their perceptions (or lack of them) on the issue being investigated. Again, the survey sample was small (ten literate women) and the questionnaire comprised of simple questions with instructions written in bold attached on core questions to help extract valid and reliable data. The language used in the questionnaire was simple and unambiguous, further still, the questions were very sensitive in order to extract finer details from the respondents, for instance question number two was very prompting to the respondents as it gave six options for answer. Russ-Eft, D. F. (1980)] In conclusion the questionnaire met all the requirements of the specific criteria of a good measurement i. e. reliability, validity, and sensitivity. It is reliable because that gave out results that could repeatedly be got if the same sample was to be used again; it was valid because it followed a systematic procedure and gave out valid results, and it was sensitive because it allowed respondents a more options for answers. [Russ-Eft, D. F. (1980)]

Colombia at a Crossroads essays

Colombia at a Crossroads essays Colombia is presently at a crossroads, Nazzi suggests, noting that since 1995 the dynamics of their civil war intensified with a tendency to escalate, partly due to the rise of paramilitarism. Sweig takes us further, to 2003, after President Uribes sweeping election victory during the fall of the peace process and the advent of a policy of "democratic security for the region. Through hard-line policy, Uribe has focused on three challengers- all on the US State Department's list of terrorist organizations: the insurgent Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the paramilitant United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia (AUC) and the leftist National Liberation Army (ELN). Sweig attributes Colombias friction to a mixture of terrorism, drugs, resistance and counterinsurgency. The FARC, the AUC, and the ELN battle the state, each other and society. The FARC and the AUC use the coca and poppy trade, kidnapping, extortion, and assassination; the ELN uses kidnapping and targets Colombias oil. Hence, Colombia is the murder capital of the planet with the third largest amount of people having been pushed out of their homes worldwide. Importing weapons globally, it exports eighty percent of European and US consumed cocaine and most heroin on the East Coast. Nazzi pinpoints those that oppose the peace process- landowners, the military, the middle class and the paramilitary, who transformed the battle with the rebels into a more complex, three-way interaction, President Reagan's shoddy "contra" war in Nicaragua and brutality in El Salvador were thought to have brought counter-insurgency to a hault. With the flick of a switch, Bush restarted it. Most agree that drug eradication in Colombia failed. The billion-dollar aid given to Plan Colombia in 2000 was offset by an increase in coca production; efforts to supply coca farmers with alternate means of sustenance failed. Washington&a...

Compare Contrast Religion Essays - Prophets Of Islam, Messianism

Compare Contrast Religion Essays - Prophets Of Islam, Messianism Compare Contrast Religion ************************************************************************** ***** Joe Stas [emailprotected] This was an A essay! ************************************************************************** ***** Compare and Contrast essay: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Introduction of Religions Christianity most widely distributed of the world religions, having substantial representation in all the populated continents of the globe. Its total membership may exceed 1.7 billion people. Islam, a major world religion, founded in Arabia and based on the teachings of Muhammad, who is called the Prophet. One who practices Islam is a Muslim. Muslims follow the Koran, the written revelation brought by Muhammad. The Muslim world population is estimated at more than 1 billion. Islam is the quickest growing religion. Judaism is one of the world's oldest religious traditions. Pre-modern Judaism constituted (and traditional Judaism today constitutes) an integrated cultural system of Jewish law, custom, and practice encompassing the totality of individual and communal existence. It is a system of sanctification in which all is to be subsumed under God's rule. Judaism originated in the Middle East, but Jewish communities have existed at one time or another in almost all parts of the world, a result of both voluntary migrations and forced exile or expulsions. Origin The central element of Christianity is the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish rabbi, attracted a following of people who believed him to be a new prophet. Their recollections of Jesus' words and deeds recall his days on earth and the miracle of his resurrection from the dead on the first Easter. These Jewish Christians began the first churches, in Jerusalem. Much like Christianity Islam was based on the prophesies and teaching of person or prophet, Muhammad. In Mohammed's time (570?-632), the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by nomadic Bedouins and city-dwelling Arabs. Muhammad began his ministry at the age of 40, when, he claimed, the archangel Gabriel appeared to him in a vision. At first Muhammad confided his visions only to his family and close friends. After four years he began to preach openly in his native city of Mecca. Ridiculed by the Meccans, he went to Medina in 622. At his death in 632, Muhammad was the leader of an Arab state growing rapidly in power. The third duty of a Muslim is to pay zakat. This tax was originally levied by Muhammad ,and later by Muslim states, on the wealthy members of the community, primarily to help the poor. The fourth duty is the fast of the month of Ramadan. During the fasting month, one must refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual intercourse from dawn until sunset. The fifth duty is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Every adult Muslim who is physically and economically able to do so must make this pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime. Unlike the other two major religions Judaism evolved form the Israelites who didn't deny the existence of other gods for other nations, though they only worshipped one deity. Its deity was Yahweh, the god of the patriarchs, who was worshipped in a sacrificial cult centered in Jerusalem and later at sanctuaries in the north, where a rival Jewish kingdom was formed. Prophets who warned against the people's reliance on these temple cults saw themselves vindicated when both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed by foreign conquerors. The exile of the Judeans to Babylonia in 586 BC was a major turning point in Israelite religion. The prior history of Israel now was reinterpreted in light of the events of 586, laying the foundation for the traditional biblical Pentateuch, prophetic canon, and historical books. A truly monotheistic religion, called Judaism, developed from these events. In 539 BC the Jews were permitted to return to Israel. Doctrines and Practices In Christian teaching, Jesus is the supreme preacher and exemplar of the moral life, but for most Christians that does not fully justify significance of his life and work. Christians teach that God is almighty in dominion over all that is in heaven and on earth, righteous judgment over good and evil. Baptism is the means of initiation into Christianity. Another fundamental component of the Christian faith and practice is its community. The community of faith in the church is the primary setting for Christian worship, although Christians of all traditions have placed a strong emphasis on private devotion and individual prayer. Unlike Christianity Islam has two fundamental sources of doctrine and practice, which are the Koran and the Sunna. Muslims regard the Koran as the speech of God to Muhammad and they believe that God himself is the author. The Sunna is known through Hadith, the body of traditions based on the words and actions of the Prophet. Unlike the Koran, Hadith is not considered infallible. The Islamic culture also believes that there are fundamental things for all Muslims to do so they go to heaven. According

How to Use the Semicolon in Academic Writing

How to Use the Semicolon in Academic Writing How to Use the Semicolon in Academic Writing Today, friends and frenemies (we know you’re out there), we’re looking at the semicolon, including when this punctuation mark should be used in formal writing (i.e. not for making emoticons wink). We’ll also take a look at the difference between semicolons and colons. Using a Semicolon to Link Sentences The main use of the semicolon is to link two sentences. This emphasizes a connection between independent clauses that would otherwise be separated by a full stop. For instance, the following sentences work by themselves: My favorite food is spam. I spend a fortune on tinned meat. However, we could link them with a semicolon to show that they are connected: My favorite food is spam; I spend a fortune on tinned meat. This makes it obvious that my love of spam and my meat expenses are related. I also wear this outfit every day. I have a problem.(Photo: Charles LeBlanc/flickr) Linking sentences like this is common when the second sentence starts with a conjunctive adverb (e.g., â€Å"however† or â€Å"furthermore†) or a transition phrase (e.g., â€Å"as a result†): I love spam; consequently, I eat it for every meal. As above, this emphasizes the connection between the two statements. Generally speaking, you shouldn’t use a semicolon before conjunctions like â€Å"but† or â€Å"and,† although they can be used for clarity if either of the clauses being joined contains a comma. Using Semicolons in a List The second important use of semicolons is to separate items in a list. Usually, commas are enough for short, simple lists (like the following): The menu offered four choices: spam, eggs, grits or pancakes. However, if the listed items are more complex and already include commas, using semicolons to distinguish between them aids clarity: The menu offered four choices: spam, fries and beans; pancakes, syrup and spam; egg, bacon and spam; or spam, spam, spam, spam and spam. Here, for instance, using semicolons clearly shows where one item on the menu ends and another begins. Using only commas in a list like this, by comparison, could be confusing. Semicolon or Colon? Knowing when to use a semicolon and when to use a colon can be tricky, since colons can also be used to link two related sentences. There are two factors to consider here. The first is that semicolons can only be used to link complete sentences, whereas the information following a colon can be as little as a single word. For instance: There’s only one food I can’t stand: spam. If we wanted to rewrite this using a semicolon, we’d have to use two independent clauses: There’s only one food I can’t stand; I hate the taste of spam. Just Say No (to Spam) The second consideration is that the information following a colon is usually an explanation or specification of a general statement (i.e., more general: more specific). With a semicolon, however, the sentences linked are typically of equal weight or importance.

Eric Garner Incident Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eric Garner Incident - Assignment Example It is evident through a video at the event that he expressed that he could not breathe. This paper discusses what federal law the NYPD officer violated and charges that Department of Justice might bring against him. It is apparent that the NYPD officer violated federal law that covers police misconduct. The federal prosecutors will tend to pursue criminal, civil rights charges to prove that Pantaleo violated Section 1983. The existence of the recording makes it easier to prosecute. This is because misconduct is proven easily when it entails physical force instead of shooting. The amount of pressure used by Pantaleo must be proved, but it might be easy since chokehold is banned under NYPD policy. Also, the race element in civil rights violation be considered but it can be tricky to prove it (Donnelly, par 1-3). After Pantaleo was cleared of civil rights violation charges, he still faces a civil lawsuit. It is apparent that in October, the Garner’s relatives filed a lawsuit against the NYPD and six individual officers accusing them of wrongful death, intentional infliction of emotional distress and assault. The family claimed that Pantaleo negligently placed Eric Garner in a chokehold that is banned from being used by the NYPD. They also identified that the officers involved failed to properly report the use of the chokehold maneuver to the seniors to create a cover up (Lu, par 5). There are several penalties that might be imposed to Pantaleo if he is found guilty. One is that he could be reprimanded. As at this time, he is subjected to an internal affairs investigation within the NYPD. Pantaleo is currently on desk duty where he has been limited to access his gun. If he is found guilty for using excessive force, the NYPD advocate office will determine the level of punishment. The officer may face a disciplinary action or get terminated as a police officer. It is evident that his fate lies with the Bill;

Construction Procurement and RIBA Plan of Work Assignment

Construction Procurement and RIBA Plan of Work - Assignment Example Separated & Cooperative System This system is one of the most widely used system where each party of the project namely client, designer and contractor are different and work separately. In this system each party completes it work and then project is transferred to next sequential predecessor. The system initiates with a feasibility study then detail design, tendering, contracting for construction along with construction supervision. The main advantages include the fact that it is one of the most practiced systems that’s why there are lesser problems encountered and general protocol procedure have been developed and well versed in case of problem. Another advantage of the system is that every aspect is done by an expert, hence every drawing, design and detail is developed to its maximum. Hence this produces a high quality of work done. The figure below shows each process that exists in a traditional procurement system. The disadvantage is that the system requires a lot of input and attention of the client, as his involvement in each step is detrimental. In addition due to the sequential nature of the system, extra time is required and wasted while transition from one step to another, as qualification and bids invitation for each party has to done for each step. Hence a variation is made in the systems processes which are now called as accelerated system, where feasibility, detail design, tender documentation and construction supervision, all the three works are given to single consultant. The whole construction process is assigned to single contractor, who selected from a prequalified contractors list. As a quantity surveyor I believe the system is well established and all system bugs have been eliminated. This system has better cost control as the client has to pay and perform the whole project piece by piece. But the time consumed is more hence the cost increase with time due to price escalation s. In my understanding, the system can be improved if the strong effective timeline of the project is created in the planning phase which will highlight the key dates of transition of different phases and review the whole timeline for free floats and critical activities to optimize the time allocation. An accurate time allocation can be only done if the correct quantity of work is known. 2. Integrated Procurement System The reason for creation of this system was to eliminate the disadvantage of the traditional procurement system. Rather than having several parties engaged in single project, in integrated procurement system the complete project is assigned to one firm that means the firm has to design as well as construct the project. The â€Å"Design & Build† system is comes under this procurement system. The starting process of this system is that a client gives an invitation to EPC (Engineering procurement construction) firms for a project and then these firms submit the te chnical and financial proposal for both design and construction. In addition the contractor along with consent of the client generally come into contractual bidding of completion of project with a certain agreed duration and in a negotiated price normally lump sum. There are some modification made to the integrated procurement systems which have resulted into newer and efficient systems for both the client and the contractor. The first among which is the â€Å"Turn key† project type. In this system the client will be handed over the keys

W11DBBCCDiscDQ1 and DQ2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W11DBBCCDiscDQ1 and DQ2 - Essay Example The CAPM can be calculated using the following formula: Risk and return have a positive relationship. Securities that have higher risks will generate higher profits. Risk adverse investors prefer investment options with low or cero risk such as Treasury bills. The rate of return of common stocks is higher than Treasury bills due to the higher risks associated with common stocks. The value of a firm can be estimated using financial models such as the dividend discount model (Nyu). There are various factors that determine the risks of a project. Three of those factors are location of the project, timeline requirements, and quality of the labor provided by the project manager and team members. The funding available for a project is another variable that influences the success of a project. Projects that have unlimited funding have a greater chance of success than under funded projects. A major financial decision companies make is deciding the composition of the capital structure of the firm. Accountingformanagement.com (2011). The Use of Net Present Value (NPV) Method in Capital Budgeting Decisions – Discounted Cash Flows. Retrieved September 3, 2011 from

Influence and Change in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Influence and Change in Organizations - Essay Example The ‘best practices’ primarily suggest clarity of purpose. This implies that the underlying problem needs to be identified – why is change needed and how these surveys could influence change. To implement best practices, the organization must be able to communicate and have a clear understanding with the employees on why the organization is undertaking the 360 degree feedback survey (Wimer & Nowack, 2006). There should be no assumptions that it would inevitably lead to enhanced leadership skills (McCarthy & Garavan, 2007). This necessitates that the entire process must be explicitly explained which could help overcome management resistance. This would also ensure rater receptivity because unless the managers accept the feedback they would not engage in development planning. Beliefs about change influence acceptance and hence perceptions of fairness is essential. Multisource feedback is supposed to limit biases and hence anonymity of some raters may have to be main tained. Anonymous raters tend to be candid and positive and usually provide a higher rating (CCL, 2011). However, who rates who is important and if managers are not receptive to certain raters, the effect of MSF is nullified. Thus while some raters should be anonymous, managers should also be allowed to choose some raters. If they are allowed to choose all the raters biases could creep in. Raters should be selected on the basis of the objective criteria and should be jointly selected by the rater and the rate. This would enhance acceptance and perceptions of fairness. To ensure employee readinesss, organizational culture should be supportive to conduct the 365-degree feedback survey (Morgeson, Mumford & Campion, 2005). If the managers have the confidence in the system and perceive fairness, they would be highly likely to make changes. Specific training interventions could help educate the managers about the process, the intentions and the expected outcome (McCarthy & Garavan, 2007). Rater training may help eliminate errors and also help eliminate cynicism from within the organization as cynicism can reduce the impact of the MSF. Rater training should include, in addition to training in reliable and accurate ratings, discussions on how the survey instrument was created and how the information will be used. Besides, anonymity should be assured through confidentiality (Morgeson, Mumford & Campion, 2005). Confidentiality of the rating process is also important and critical to the success of the process. The recipients or the raters too need to be trained in acceptance of the ratings and on how to handle negative feedback. Morgeson, Mumford and Campion (2005) found that most organizations used the surveys for developmental purposes and that it should categorically not be used to determine salaries. When used for developmental purpose the data is the property of the people being rated while when used for administrative purposes, the organization owns the data. To ac hieve the best results, people should be given control of their own data (Wimer & Nowack, 2006). People will feel empowered if they can choose with whom and to what extent they share their feedback. However, the feedback recipient should have access to a trained feedback giver who has experience with assessment. The recipients should also be provided guidance on how to share data and use it constructively. However, an overwhelming amount of data may

Global Influence of Multinational Corporations Assignment

Global Influence of Multinational Corporations - Assignment Example Statistics from the Institute of Policy Studies revealed that of the 100 largest companies in the world, 51% are corporations and only 49% are national governments or sovereign states (Anderson & Cavanagh 2000). It was also indicated in the report, comparing corporate sales and GDP’s of countries, that practically General Motors is bigger than Denmark, Daimler-Chrysler is richer than Poland, Shell is wealthier than Venezuela, IBM is larger than Singapore and Sony is way too fiscally dynamic than Pakistan. In 1999, the combined sales of five biggest corporations (General Motors, Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Ford Motors and Daimler-Chrysler) exceeded the sum total of the GDP’s of 182 countries (Shah 2002). This exponential economic boom of private business entities has given them untold financial clout which precipitated the dependence of most government bodies around the globe.  Overwhelming Activities. Founded in 1602, the Dutch East India Company possessed quasi-political legitimacies such as the authority to wage war, sign diplomatic agreements, generate currencies and establish colonies (Ames 2008). The Walt Disney Company, in the Reedy Creek Improvement District in Florida, earned the legal prerogative to formulate its own building policies, to create power plants and fire departments, and to seize parcels of land under eminent domain. Moreover, the Hudson Bay Company and the United Fruit Company had its own law enforcement instruments and military forces to protect their property and workers (Tolentino 2003). A cornucopia of Contributions. From job creation, income accretion of families and revenue enhancements to financing government units and supporting non-governmental organizations, corporations seem to have institutionalized various functions and initiatives that are profoundly intertwined with all societal aspects. Their influence via mainstream media (advertising and informative programs) also bears much impact in contemporary culture (Fob ete 2008). The establishment of corporate-funded scientific investigations, academic associations and other think-tank groups catered to the universal goal of advancing education quality (Lara 2008).   Particularly in the United States and other wealthy nations, and even in Third World countries, the influence of multinational corporations on the lives of people is hardly unnoticeable. In fact, its sphere and scope that are derived from their economic and political power surpass that of most government units; only that the bottom-line of all their capacities would center on their corporate conscientiousness to avoid abuses and greed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Discussion question Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion question - Term Paper Example (Marshall 15) The devastation to other species of animals and plants through the additional use of land to grow more food will be irreplaceable. We could potentially lose several additional species of animals through the deforestation necessary to use land versus simply advancing our technological approaches. However, the new technology including gene manipulation is cause for alarm due to the potential side effects it brings with it. Another concern is the ethical issues surrounding the patenting of genes, this could potentially lead to major corporations owning humans bodies through the patent on the gene they may carry. One filmmaker spoke regarding this in 2004, she had originally made the film to look at pesticide use, and however, due to her research she became quite alarmed over the genetic manipulations being done by Monsanto Corporation. She called for additional supervision in this area as well as testing before using it in the general market. (Bertino 4) Much of the newer technology has been tested for an adequate length of time to see if negative effects may exist. Some researchers are looking for ways to potentially slow the growth of the human race and even place it at a standstill for a short time. Given the alternatives this may be an appropriate approach as well.

Global Influence of Multinational Corporations Assignment

Global Influence of Multinational Corporations - Assignment Example Statistics from the Institute of Policy Studies revealed that of the 100 largest companies in the world, 51% are corporations and only 49% are national governments or sovereign states (Anderson & Cavanagh 2000). It was also indicated in the report, comparing corporate sales and GDP’s of countries, that practically General Motors is bigger than Denmark, Daimler-Chrysler is richer than Poland, Shell is wealthier than Venezuela, IBM is larger than Singapore and Sony is way too fiscally dynamic than Pakistan. In 1999, the combined sales of five biggest corporations (General Motors, Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Ford Motors and Daimler-Chrysler) exceeded the sum total of the GDP’s of 182 countries (Shah 2002). This exponential economic boom of private business entities has given them untold financial clout which precipitated the dependence of most government bodies around the globe.  Overwhelming Activities. Founded in 1602, the Dutch East India Company possessed quasi-political legitimacies such as the authority to wage war, sign diplomatic agreements, generate currencies and establish colonies (Ames 2008). The Walt Disney Company, in the Reedy Creek Improvement District in Florida, earned the legal prerogative to formulate its own building policies, to create power plants and fire departments, and to seize parcels of land under eminent domain. Moreover, the Hudson Bay Company and the United Fruit Company had its own law enforcement instruments and military forces to protect their property and workers (Tolentino 2003). A cornucopia of Contributions. From job creation, income accretion of families and revenue enhancements to financing government units and supporting non-governmental organizations, corporations seem to have institutionalized various functions and initiatives that are profoundly intertwined with all societal aspects. Their influence via mainstream media (advertising and informative programs) also bears much impact in contemporary culture (Fob ete 2008). The establishment of corporate-funded scientific investigations, academic associations and other think-tank groups catered to the universal goal of advancing education quality (Lara 2008).   Particularly in the United States and other wealthy nations, and even in Third World countries, the influence of multinational corporations on the lives of people is hardly unnoticeable. In fact, its sphere and scope that are derived from their economic and political power surpass that of most government units; only that the bottom-line of all their capacities would center on their corporate conscientiousness to avoid abuses and greed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Landscape Architecture in Palo Alto City Essay Example for Free

Landscape Architecture in Palo Alto City Essay Palo Alto City, a city known because of many famous landmarks and buildings, is located in Santa Clara County, in California of United States. The named of the city was derived from a name of a tall oak tree at the banks of the San Franciscquito Creek bordering Menlo Park called El Palo Alto. The geographic characteristic of the city is at the northern end of the Silicon Valley. The city is also situated near the Stanford University and is known as home of many huge companies in the high-technology industry like Hewlett-Packard. (Bowling, 2007) History of Palo Alto The history of Palo Alto city was traced back in 1979 Gaspar de Portola made an Ohlone settlement in the said city. To commemorate what happened in this place, a plaque was made in order to remember the histiroy for Palo Alto City. The plaque was located at Middlefield Road and Webster Street, (Bowling, 2007) Landscape Architecture Landscape architecture is the art of planning, designing, developing, managing and rehabilitating a land for a specified purpose. Landscape architecture is a profession that is combination of different inter disciplinary field like mathematics, geography, engineering, art, horticulture, social science, politics, history and philosophy. The duties of a landscape architecture can range from different roles like designing of a museum, parks, site planning for commercial buildings, as well as residential lands, and development and maintenance of nature lands like forest. Arastradero Preserve There are many famous buildings and landmarks located in the city. Some of the notable landmarks located in Palo Alto are the Arastradero Preserve. Arastradero Preserve, which is officially known as Enid W. Pearson- Arastradero Open Space Preserve, is a nature preserve which serves as parking lot of the city. The landscape architects designed the Arastradero Preserve so that people can have a biking, hiking and horseback riding session. The preserve is a combination of savanna grassland and broadleaf evergreen forest that is suitable for a nature preserve location. This made also the preserve to be a habitat for many wildlife species like bobcats, deer and diverse birds. (City, 2001) Arizona Cactus Garden Another popular landmark in Palo Alto is the Arizona Cactus Garden located in the Stanford University. Arizona Cactus Garden is a botanical garden specializing in the production of different cacti and succulents. The Arizona Cactus Garden is open for public visit. The Arizona Cactus Garden was designed by Rudolph Ulrich, a landscape architect, for Jane and Leland Stanford. The garden was open in public on 1883. The design of the garden was planned to be near at the residence of the Stanford family as well at the Stanford estate. The garden was designed in such a way it is divided in to two parts, the Eastern and Western Hemisphere. The Eastern Hemisphere part contains aloes, jade plants and other succulents from Europe, Asia and Africa while the Eastern Hemisphere contains cacti that are native in America. The garden was designed and made as public landmarks were people can view different varieties of cactus and succulents. (Bowling, 2007) Stanford University One of the most famous landmarks located in Palo Alto is the Leland Stanford Junior University or simply Stanford University. It is a private university that is situated at the center of Silicon Valley. It was in 1891 the university was established under the supervision of the governor of California, Leland Stanford together with his wife Jane Stanford. The name was derived from their only son, Leland Stanford Jr. who died at his teenage years. The university was firstly known as The Farm because it is situated at eh Leland Stanford’s horse farm and offers courses for both male and female students. (Bowling, 2007) Stanford makes sure that the university will be of good quality that is why he consulted first some key person that may give a big help in the construction of the campus. Some of these person were Francis Amasa Walker, president of another university which is specialize in the filed of engineering, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and second is Frederick Law Olmsted which is a famous landscape architect. The main role of Olmsted is on the general plans and concept for the proposed university. These are the constructions of the buildings and the removal of hillside sites that will favor for more practical flatlands. Another landscape architect that helps in the design of the campus is Charles Allerton Coolidge. Coolidge used the concept Richardsonian Romanesque style that was derived from his teacher, Henry Hobson Richardson. The said style is has the properties of rectangular stone buildings that are joined by arcades of semi-circle arches. There was also another design that was incorporated at Stanford University, the Mission Revival. The Mission Revival is a Spanish-colonial style and is characterized as red tile roofs and solid sandstone masonry that hold a discrete Californian appearance. The red tile roof has a good combination to bright blue skies making it famous to the people of the city. (Bowling, 2007) The major open space is formed by an on-structure, two-level plaza. It is layered with linear arrays of granite and quartzite aligned to echo the San Andreas Fault line below, and subtly forms gathering areas of various sizes for outdoor classrooms. The lower and more private courtyard provides light to the surrounding laboratories and offices, and exposes a dry riverbed that continues the north/south fault line, while expressing the character of a lower stratum and accommodating gathering places for students, faculty and researchers. (Bowling, 2007) The Stanford University is a huge campus were almost basic building that is required in a university is made. There are different buildings for different department of the campus. There are also dormitories and student housing were the students can reside. Stanford University Arboretum Stanford University Arboretum, which is located at Stanford University, was also designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. First, the land where the arboretum is located was planted by live oak trees. Olmsted designed the arboretum so that the public is free to visit the park. The orientation of the trees to be planted was a factor that was considered by Olmsted as well as the spacing of the trees. Olmsted sees to it that the arboretum will serve as a public park. Jane Stanford finds the arboretum essential to the people of Palo Alto and once said to the people of the city; (Bowling, 2007) In this enlarged Arboretum it is desired that there shall be exhibited to advantage all the trees and wood plants of the world that may be expected to grow to mature natural forms under the climatic and other conditions of the locality. Byxbee Park Byxbee Park, which was designed by Peter Richards and Michael Oppenheimer, shows of the site’s unique form and characteristics. Is shows the inspiration of landfill, slough, marsh, wind, and sky. The park does not allow buildings to be made inside the park making it a very natural in purpose. The intertwined elements of the park make the park a very sensitive environmental landmark. Cantor Center for Visual Arts The Cantor Center for Visual Arts, which is located in Stanford University, is another landmark in Palo Alto. The Cantor Center for Visual Arts is a museum that contains about 24 galleries, terraces, and sculpture gardens. The museum was established when the university was established in 1891 as a memorial park for their late son. Hewlett Packard Courtyard The Hewlett Packard Courtyard was designed to show the aesthetic value of nature. Hewlett Packard Courtyard is a huge company specializing in the production of computer hardware and the likes like printers. Hedges, designer of the courtyard, design the rooms of the employers of the company in such a way that they can view the outside environment. The terminal wires of the computer being utilized allow the programmers to work outside the rooms. Three-dimensional landforms ripple out from the round cafeteria addition, creating a romantic play against the beaux-arts structure of the courtyard, and dividing the space to create more intimate areas. (Bowling, 2007) Conclusion The role of a landscape architect is very important when buildings and landmarks are being constructed. Because the aesthetic value of the proposed building is their product. It must be taken in to account the proper way of designing, planning as well as developing the building. It is in the hands of a landscape architect the success of the building because this will reflect the popularity of the building.

What Is Functional Grammar?

What Is Functional Grammar? Functional grammar, as explained by Halliday (1994) is concerned with meanings. Functional grammar looks at language as consisting of units of meanings rather than chunks of forms. These units of meanings are represented in various oral and written texts. In keeping with the idea, functional grammar is interested to analyze language at the text level rather than sentences. Further, Halliday (1994) writes that there are 3 lines of meaning in the clause. (1) the theme functions in the structure of the clause as message (2) the subject functions in the structure of the clause as an exchange (3) the actor functions in the structure of the clause as representation. Giving more explanation about functional grammar, he adds that functional grammar makes extensive use of function labels like actor, process, goal, theme rheme etc. Functional grammar is a new subject in the English Department of State University of Jakarta. It has become a subject in the English Department of State University of Jakarta since 2002. This subject is to be taken by all students to complete their study. Functional grammar consists of functional grammar I and functional grammar 2 with 3 semester credits each. Both functional grammar 1 and functional grammar 2 have similar purpose that is to support the development of ability to speak and write English correctly. (Buku Pedornan Akademik FBS, 2004/2005) 2 As experienced by English Department students in functional grammar classes, the process of learning functional grammar includes the discussion of concepts which is then followed by analyzing text. Texts to be analyzed can be taken from different resources such as newspaper, magazine, advertisement, film or novel. Based on the observation and informal talks with other students done by the researcher,E students often had difficulties when analyzing text. The students felt confused to put the words from text into functional grammar concepts. So far, there was no practice how to apply functional grammar concepts in speaking. Considering the condition, the researcher is interested to conduct a study to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. B. Focus of Study The focus of study is identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. C. Problem Statement Based on background of the study above, questions addressed are: 1. What is English Department students perception towards their knowledge of functional grammar concepts. 2 What is English Department students perception towards their comprehension of functional grammar concepts 3 What is English Department students perception towards their ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text. 4 What is English Department students perception towards tieir ability to apply functional grammar concepts in speaking. D. Purpose of Study Based on problem statement, the purpose of this study is to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. E. Benefit of Study This study is to give input related to English Department students knowledge, comprehension of functional grammar concepts and their ability to apply the concepts in analyzing text and speaking. 4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter discusses seven topics relevant to the needs of providing theoretical bases for a study of identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply functional grammar concepts in analyzing text and speaking. The first topic is traditional grammar, the second topic is functional grammar, the third topic is the differences between traditional grammar and functional grammar, the fourth topic is functional grammar as a subject in the English Department, the fifth topic is Perception, the sixth topic is Ability to Apply, and the seventh topic is Speaking. Traditional Grammar In the discussion about Traditional Grammar, Halliday (1994) explains that traditional grammar has always been the grammar of written language; and traditional grammar has always been a product grammar. While, Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) state that grammar is the structure of language. They further explain that traditional grammar aims at describing the grammar of standards English by comparing the grammar of English with the one of Latin. They state that students learn the name of parts of speech (noons, verbs, prepositions adverbs, adjectives) They also explain that traditional grammar focuses on the rules for producing coect sentences. Still related to traditional grammar, based on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2O36) ri 1Lng Isrics trad tona1 grammar is a cover name for the collection of 5 concepts and ideas about the structure of language that Western societies have received from ancient Greek and Roman sources. The source also states that the focus of attention of traditional grammar is on the surface structure, not on meaning. So far, traditional grammar has been associated with the use of class labels like noun. verb, adjective, adverb, etc. Traditional grammar is mainly concerned with syntax and some morphology. Traditional grammar focuses on surface structure. Traditional grammar limits the discussion on the sentence level. Functional Grammar In the discussion about Functional Grammar, Halliday (1994) explains that functional grammar is essentially a natural grammar, in the sense that everything in functional grammar can, be explained, ujtimately, by reference to how language is used. He further states that the aim of functional grammar has been to construct a grammar for purposes of text analysis: one that would make it possible to say sensible and useful things about any text spoken and written in modern English. Going into deeper discussion, Halliday (1994) pronoses three lines of meaning in the clause. There are theme, subject and actor. As a working approximation, he defines different strands of meaning as follows: 1. The Theme functions in the structure of the clause as message. 2. The Subject functions in the structure of the clause as an exchange. 3. The Actor functions in the structure of the clause as representation. 6 t While, Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) note that functional grammar attempts to describe language in actual use and focus on text and contexts. They view that functional grammar was developed based on an assumption that language as a resource for making meaning. They also state that functional grammar is concerned tiot only with the structures but also with how those structures construct meaning. Functional grammar starts with the question, how the meanings of this text are realized. On the same view of Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994), and Halliday (1994), Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) describe that functional grammar is a way of looking at grammar as it is used. Functional grammar focuses on the development of grammatical systems as a means for people to interact with each other. 1. Clause as Message Halliday (1994) states that clause as message is a clause which has meaning as a message, a quantum of information. He also claims in all languages the clause has the character of a message: it has some form of organization giving it the status of a communicative event, but there are different ways in which this may be achieved. In the clause as a message, there are theme and rheme. a. THEME Halliday (1994) explains that theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message, the part in which the clause is concerned. Furthermore, he states that the theme is put first. 7 Gerot Peter Wignell (1994), talking about theme, note that theme is what the clause is going to be about. They further describe that the theme can be identified as that or those element(s) which come(s) first in the clause. Theme represents the point of departure of this message from the previous one. Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) shortly state that this is what Im talking about. They also said that in terms of looking at a clause as a message, the theme looks backwards, relating to the current message to what has gone before. On the same view about Theme, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) note that theme is one of two systems that organize the information presented in the clause, the other being that information. Further they also state that theme can be divided into 3 categories. There are ideational / topical theme, interpersonal theme, textual theme. 1. Ideational! Topical theme is language construes human experience. Ideational consists of what there is to argue about. 2. Interpersonal theme is language enacts human relationships. Interpersonal consists of something people can interact with. 3. Textual theme is language creates discourse. Textual consists of word order. Related the clause to its context. b. RHEME Halliday (1994) states that rheme is the remainder of the message, the part in which the theme is developed. He further explains that rheme as a message structure. A clause consists of a Theme accompanied by a Rheme. 8 Still in the discussion about Rheme, Linda Gerot Peter Wigneil (1994) note that rheme is the rest of the clause New information is contained in the rheme They further represent that rheme is This is what Im saying about it. Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) also said that the rheme points both backwards and forwards by picking up on information which is already aailable and adding ti it and by presenting information which was not there before. 2 Clause as Exchange Based on Flalliday (1994), clause as exchange is a clause which has meaning as an exchange, a transaction between speaker and listener. In clause as exchange, there are mood and residu. a. MOOD Mood according to Halliday (1994) refers to the element that realizes the selection of mood in the clause. While, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) describe that the mood element makes clause negotiable and consists of Finite and Subject. (1). Finite This term, according to Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) state that finite element is one of the small numbers of verbal operators expressing tense, modality and polarity. They further explain that finite element has the function of locating an exchange with reference to the speaker and making a proposition something that can be argued about. 9 Still in the same discussion about finite, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) refers to the one that makes a clause a negotiable by coding it as positive or negative and by grounding it, either in terms of time (it is! it isnt: it was/it wasnt: it will/it wont) or in terms of modality (it may! it wiIIJ it must, etc). (2). Subject In the discussion about subject, Halliclay (1994) states that subject is the responsible element, but in proposition this means the one on which the validity of the information is made to rest. Not to be different from Halliday (1994), Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) state that subject is that upon which the speaker rests his case in exchanges of information, and the one responsible for insuring that the prescribed action is or is II not carned out in exchanges of goods and services Still n the discussion about subject, Martin, Matthiessen, Painter (1997) stated that subject is the element in terms of which the clause can be negotiated. b. RESIDU Halliday (1994), Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) said that residue consists of functional elements of three kinds: Predicator, Complement and Adjunct. (1). Predicator Halliday (1994) says that predicator occurs in all major clauses, except those that are displayed through ellipsis. Predicator is realized by a verbal group. 10 Still in the same discussion about Predicator, Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) claim that predicator is the verb part of the clause, the bit which tells whats doing, happening or being. (2). complement Halliday (1994) says that a complement is an element within the residue that has the potential of being subject but is not. Complement is realized by a nominal group. Giving more explanation about complement, Linda Gerot Peter Wigneli (1994) state that complement answers the question is/had what, to whom, did to what. (3). Adjunct Adjunct, according to Halliday (1994), and Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) is an element that has not got the potential of being subject. Adjunct is typically realized by an adverbial group or a prepositional phrase. 3. Clause as Representation Halliday (1994) describes that clause as a representation is a clause which has meaning as a representation, the actor is the active participant in that process. He also states that participants related to each process type are as in the table below: a. Processes and Participants Process Participant Material: Actor (doer of the process) processes of Goai (thing affected by the process) 11 doing F Range (thing unaffected by the process) Beneficiary (the one to whom the process is said to take place) Behavioral: Expresses the physiological and psychological behaviors Behave (a conscious being if it is not, the clause is considered to be personification) Behaviour (extends the process) I Mental: processes of sensing Senser (doer of the process that is realised by a human or at least conscious participant) Phenbmenon (what is thought, wanted, perceived or liked / disliked that is realised by a nominal group or embedded clause) Verbal: processes of saying and asking Sayer (doer of the process) Receiver (addressee of the speech) Target (the participant which is the subject of the talk) Verbiage (sums up what is said in one nominal group or embedded clause) Existential: realizes the meaning that something exists Existent .I Carrier (thing described) Attribute (description, it is typically an indefinite nominal group I j Relational: processes of I 12 b. Circumstances The other element that also plays an important part in the experiential meaning is the circumstance. A circumstance is defined as any piece of circumstantial information about the process within its own clause (Halliday 1994). The function is to illuminate the process in some way. Circumstances are realized by adverbial groups, prepositional phrases, and even by nominal groups. Still in the same discussion about Circumstance, Halliday (1994) divides circumstances into 9 categories. There are: (1) Extent (2) Location (3) Manner (4) Cause (5) Contingency (6) Accompaniment (7) Role (8) Matter (9) Angla (1) Extent Extent is expressed in terms of some unit measurements like yards, laps, rounds, and years. The interrogative forms for Extent are: (a) how far? (b) how long? (c) how many? The typical structure is a nominal group with quantifier or indefinite. attributive with an adjective as Head) Relational: processes of being Identifying Identified (that which is to be identified) Identifier (the new identity) 13 (2) Location Location clarifies the location of the expression. The general interrogatives are where? and when?. The typical structure is an adverbial group or prepositional phrase. 3) Manner Manner, another set of categories, is divided into three subcategories. There are: (a) Means (b) Quality (c) Comparison. a. Means Means refers to the means whereby a process takes place, it is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase with the preposition by or with. The interrogative forms are how? and what with? b. Quality Quality is typically expressed by an adverbial group with-ly adverb as Head. It answers the question of how. c. Comparison Comparison is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase started with like or unlike, or an adverbial group of similarity or difference. The interrogative form is what.. .like? (4) Cause The Cause was divided into 3 categories. There are: (a) Reason (b) Purpose (c) Behalf 14 a. Reason Reason represents the reason for which a process takes place what causes it, the interrogative form are why? or how? b. Purpose Purpose represents the purpose for which an action takes place the intention behind it. The interrogative form is what for? c. Behalf Behalf represents ihe entity, typically a person, on whose behalf or for whose sake the action is undertaken who is for. They are expressed by a prepositional phrase with for or with a complex preposition such as for the sake of, in favour on behalf of. The interrogative form is who for? (5) Contingency Contingency comprises 3 subcategories. There are: (a) Condition (b) Concession (c) Expression. a. Condition Condition is expressed by in case of, in the event of. b. Concession Concession is expressed by in spite of or despite. c. Expression Express ion of default has in the absence of, in default of. (6) Accompaniment Accompaniment, another set of circumstantial elements, represents the meanings and, or, not as circumstantial. interrogative forms are and 15 who / what else? It is expressed by prepositional phrase with preposition such as with, without, besides, and instead of. (7) Role Role includes the subcategories of Guise construes the meaning of be the iitterrogative form is what as? and Product with meaning of become, interrogative form is what into?. (8) Matter Matter is expressed by preposition such as about, concerning, with reference to and sometimes simply of. Interrogative form is what about?. (9) Angle Angle is used preposition to, but, like. It is often expressed by a more complex form such as according to, in the view I opinion of, from the standpoint of. From the definitions, it can be concluded that functional grammar makes extensive use of function labels like Actor, Process, Goal, Theme, Rheme and so on. In functional grammar there is no distinction between lexis and gran1mar. Both lexis and grammar are meaning-creating, because functional grammar is concerned with meaning than structure. The Differences between Traditional and Functional Grammar Linda Gerot Peter Wignell (1994) stated that the main difference between traditional grammar and functional grammar is in the unit of analysis. Traditional I 17 in fourth semester. While, functional grammar 2 is to be taken by students in fifth semester. Both functional grammar I and 2 consist of 3 semester credits unit. Both functional grammar 1 and functional grammar 2 are to be taken by students to complete their study. As stated in Buku Pedoman Akademik PBS (2004/2005), Functional grammar I and 2 have purpose that is to support the development of ability to speak and write English correctly. Based on experience and observing in functional grammar classes, analyzing texts is one kind of the process of functional grammar learning. Texts to be analyzed can be taken from authentic material. There are different resources to analyze written texts such as newspaper, magazine, advertisement, etc. While, to analyze spoken texts, the material can be taken from dialogues in the film or novel. Perception Perception has various defmitions from various angles. Bloom (1956) cited by Elliot et all. (2000), says that perception is the process or act of perceiving information and making sense of it. As stated in New Lexicon Webster International Dictionary of English Language Volume 2 (1997) perception is (1) the act of perceiving, apprehension with the mind or the senses; (2) an immediate of intuitive recorition, as of a moral or esthetic quality; (3) the faculty of perceiving, as distinguished from the act of perceiving. Meanwhile, in Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (2000), 18 perception is defined as an idea, a belief or an image you have as a result of how we see and understand something. Still in the discussion about perception, in Winkipedia Encyclopedia, an internet based encyclopedia, perception is a process that involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting stimuli in our environment. Further. HeiTher (2003) explains that perception refers to interpretation of what we take in through our sense. He notes that the way we perceive our environment is what makes us different from other animals and different from each other. From the definitions stated above, the researcher concludes that perception can be thought as each individuals personal theory of reality, through the process of interpreting and attributing meaning to what he/she observed or experienced. Briefly, perception refers to view and feeling. Therefore, two kinds of instruments were used for the data collection. They were questionnaire and interview. Based on the statement of functional grammar purpose, that is to support the development of ability to speak and write English correctly. It means that functional grammar can be applied by English Department students in language skill, speaking in particular. Related to the statement, to measure students perception about their ability to apply functional grammar in analyzing text and speaking can be seen from educational objectives goal of cognitive domain (Bloom Taxonomy) in the third level. The third levels are knowledge. comprehension and application. 19 Ability to Apply In Websters New World Dictionary of American English (1998), ability is a skill, expertness, or talent. Meanwhile in Cambridge International Dictionary (1995) ability is the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something. As stated in Longman Dictionary of English Language and culture (1998) ability is the fact of having the skill, power or other qualities that are needed in order to do something. While, Bloom (1956) cited in Elliot et all. (2000) proposes classification of educational objectives, related to 1: Cognitive Domain. There are 6 major classes: (1) knowledge recalling specific facts, (2) comprehension understanding what is communicated, (3) application generalizing and using abstract information in !concrete situations, (4) analysis breaking problem into subparts and detecting relationships among the parts, (5) synthesis putting together part to form a whole, (6) evaluation using criteria to make judgments. Later these categories were revised, as stated by Arend RI (2004), the last two categories of Blooms Taxonomy that are synthesis and evaluation were revised to become evaluate and create. To be more details, Arend proposes cognitive process categories into the following. (1) remember retrieve relevant knowledge from long-term memory, (2) understand construct from instructional -messages, including oral, written, and graphic communication, (3) apply carry out or use a procedure in a given situation, (4) analyze break material into constituent parts and determine how, parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose, (5,) evaluate make judgment based on criteria and standards, (6) create V 20 put elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure. Based on Blooms Taxonomy, ability to apply occurs after ability to know and to comprehend. Related to the study of identifying English Department students ability to apply functional grammar to improve their speaking ability, the inclusion of ability to know or knowledge and ability to comprehend (comprehension) is therefore considered necessary. Speaking In the discussion about speaking, Broomly (1988) explains that Speaking is an expressive language kill which the speaker symbols to communicate. While, Jones (1989) says speaking is a form of communication that has four elements i.e. speaker, receiver (listener), message and channel (communication tools such as, telephone, Internet, letter, face to face interaction, etc). Still in the discussion about speaking, in communicating, people also produce, sounds, choosing the right form, putting words in the correct order and so forth. This is also supported by W.F. Mackey (in Bygate 1995) who says that in oral expression people not only involve the right sounds, the right pattern of rhythm and intonation but also the choice of words and inflection in the right order to convey the right meaning. When we speak to other people, it means that we express our ideas or our feelings orally. This statement is supported in Webster Dictionary(1998) to speak is to express thoughts opinions or feelings orally.

Violation of Rights in the Film Guilty by Suspicion :: essays research papers

America is the land of the free. America is the land in which "Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech or the right of the people peaceably to assemble." (Amendment I to the US Constitution.) This means that Americans can say whatever they believe, and be part of any club, group, or political affiliation they choose. The Bill of Rights also declares in the Fifth Amendment that ?No Person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This means that in court, a person may remain silent, and cannot be forced to incriminate themselves. An American also may not be deprived of their life, freedom, or belongings without a trial. Guilty by Suspicion is about how the violation of these rights affected normal, innocent, Americans. Many, many lives were ruined by the unjust accusations and the insistence on confessing that others were Communists. In Guilty by Suspicion, I really understood how the characters felt. The one standout actor was Patricia Wettig, as Dorothy. She was heartbreaking as the actress who commits suicide after she is accused of being a Communist by her husband, she cannot find work, and her child is taken away from her. Joe Lesser was a small but memorable character played by Martin Scorsese. Joe was memorable because his hyper, obnoxious, Chihuahua-like acting style really took away from the solemnity of the rest of the movie. The filming was not especially notable, but there were other nice effects. The period music was great, with motifs such as Louis Armstrong. The continuing music and film from the classic Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was wonderful. It was ironic that when David id being told to get a lawyer, so he won?

The Effect of Racism on the Self-Esteem of African Americans and the He

Throughout the past, scientists have attempted to explain the health disparity between African Americans and Whites. With the completion of the human genome project, it was shown that there is very little difference between different races on the genetic level. However, â€Å"African Americans are twice as likely to die from cardiovascular disease as their European counterpart,† the question that has arisen is where do these differences stem from (Harell, Floyd, Daniels and Bell). Recently, scientists have begun to believe that racism could possibly explain these differences (Belgrave &Allison, 2010). Racism has been an issue for African Americans since the early days of slavery. Everywhere they go, they face a possibility of being treated differently because of their race. Within the past fifty years, the racism that African Americans faced has dropped, however it is still prevalent. According to Belgrave and Allison, racism is defined as â€Å"the negative beliefs, actions, and emotions based on race† although there are different types of racism, this definition gives a generalization on what racism is. It seems as though racism is the cause of many of the health problems that are faced by African Americans. Whether it is because African Americans generally do not receive the same health service as Whites or because direct racism causes higher blood pressure, racism has a negative health effect on African Americans (Belgrave &Allison, 2010). Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to see whether racism has an effect on the self-esteem of African Americans and the health risks associated with racism, mainly high blood pressure. The independent variable is perception of racism and the dependent variables are the self... ...nd blood pressure. Racism is a problem facing many African Americans in the United States. It is affecting both their self-esteem and health. Until they are given the help they need or racism dissipates from society, they will always have these problems. References Belgrave, A. Z., & Allison, K. W. (2010S).African american psychology, from africa to america. (2nd ed., pp. 96-112). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. Fischer, A. R., & Shaw, C. (1999). African americans mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology,46(3), 395-407. Retrieved from psycnet.apa.org/journals/cou/46/3/395.html Harrell, C. P. J., Floyd, L. J., & Bell, S. R. Psychophysiological methods: enduring value to research within black psychology.

The Character of Mr Collins in Pride and Prejudice

Mr Collins is introduced to us for the first time in Chapter 13, possibly one of the most famous chapters of the novel. This is the chapter in which Mr. Bennet reads â€Å"the letter† out loud to his family. This letter gives us the most fundamental impression on Mr Collins’ character. The contents of this letter makes us judge him straight away and this judgement marks the image we have of this clergyman for the whole story. As soon as his name is mentioned by Mr Bennet at the start of Chapter 13, Mrs. Bennet’s reaction is: â€Å"Oh! My dear (†¦ ) pray do not talk of that odious man! †. This shows how Mr Collins is not particularly liked in the society and the word odious is particularly well-suited to the man as we understand further on. This is because he ways of gaining trust and building relationships with other people is not very agreeable as he does this through endless flat compliments which, as Mr Bennet later points out are often: â€Å"are the result of previous study â€Å". Most of the impressions we get of Mr Collins are heavily subject, as I said before, to the words of the other characters. This is further emphasized as the characters that immediately criticize William have good credibility in this. Mrs Bennet is always the first to shine a good light on possible rich suitors for her daughter so if she decides to criticize a man that fits this description than it means that he is really disagreeable. Also Elizabeth comments his behaviour as being† an oddity† and as having â€Å"something very pompous in his style†. This is yet again a very good description of him from a very credible character. This is because Elizabeth is throughout the whole novel depicted as being the most intelligent and clever of the Bennet sisters and is therefore a reliable testimony. The first impressions we get which are an actual description by Jane Austen seemingly follow the assumptions we get about him: he is â€Å"heavy looking† and â€Å"very formal†. Both these traits are in great concordance with the Pre-analysis we have already made. These adjectives fit perfectly because even though the adjective heavy is not usually associated with looks in this case it makes us imagine Mr Collins as a character full of responsibilities he does not actually have and this â€Å"heavy look† shows how he heavy in his way of behaving therefore quite boring and staying with him is a toil rather than a pleasure. We have two more occasions when Mr Collins first impressions are finally concluded and he has no chance of redemption. Firstly in chapter 14 Mr Bennet, after dinner and after having had the conversation with Mr Collins at the table, thinks back to his conversation. Austen describes his thought as reflecting how ridiculous his cousin was and at how this satisfies all his expectations: â€Å"His cousin was as absurd as he had hoped. â€Å". This is yet again a comment made by one of the most reflective characters of the novel and therefore we are more prone to believe, this is even stronger as he is thinking so he is much less likely to be lying. Lastly and most dramatically chapter 15 starts with the words: â€Å"Mr Collins was not a sensible man,†. This is very powerful as the first thing we read of this chapter is the apex of disdain for Mr Collins. Overall the impressions we get of Mr Collins are negative and he represents an uninteresting almost pathetic character. His lack of depth and of honest pan out to being fundamental in our analysis of him and he is immediately labelled as a negative character